Networking overhead
Due to networking overhead, the bandwidth used by a device will be higher than the sum of bytes your application sends and receives. Each TCP packet (and therefore each Hologram Cloud message) incurs an overhead of about 500-700 bytes. This means that to reduce data charges, you should prefer fewer large messages over more small messages. Messages larger than about 2kB may be split into multiple packets, so this optimization is mainly relevant for very small messages. Also, keep in mind that higher-level protocols such as HTTP have their own headers which may inflate the per-message overhead.Inbound and outbound data
Usage data includes both inbound and outbound traffic for a device.Data sessions
Data usage is reported via data sessions, which are the periods of time when a device is connected to a network and transmitting data. Information about data sessions is provided as frequently as we receive it from carriers. Data usage is calculated at the end of each data session, at which time checks are made for data usage limits, data alert thresholds, and transaction charges.Network activity monitoring tools
Measure device traffic using standard tools:tshark: Wireshark tsharkbmon: Bandwidth Monitortcpdump: tcpdump